基于恒压变流控制的变量喷雾试验研究

针对变量喷雾过程中引起压力变化的问题,为研究其中压力稳定性现象,利用PID恒压控制和PWM变流控制相结合的方法,建立了恒压变流喷雾试验台。在试验台上进行恒压控制试验、喷雾角测量和雾量分布测量试验,从而验证所搭建的恒压变流喷雾装置的恒压稳定性。结果表明:在喷雾流量发生变化时,试验装置能使喷头的喷雾角和雾量分布稳定在固定范围内。     

基于SRP模型的南雄丹霞梧桐自然保护区生态脆弱性评价

通过建立生态敏感性-生态恢复力-生态压力度（SRP）模型，利用主成分分析法确定指标权重，对南雄丹霞梧桐自然保护区进行生态脆弱性评价。结果表明:1）从生态敏感性角度，研究区高度脆弱和极度脆弱面积分别为756.50 hm²和773.58 hm²，占比之和>50%，主要集中分布于北部和中部，而主要影响要素为土壤侵蚀强度，其次为距水源距离；2）从生态恢复力角度，研究区不脆弱和轻度脆弱面积分别为777.71 hm²和676.73 hm²，占比之和>50%，主要集中分布于西部和西南部，主要影响要素为生物多样性，其次为植被覆盖度；3）从生态压力度角度，研究区不脆弱和轻度脆弱面积分别为551.33 hm²和1 205.12 hm²，占比之和>60%，主要集中分布于西部及东部，而主要影响要素为GDP密度和人口密度；4）研究区整体生态脆弱性较高，中度及以上脆弱性面积之和达到67.72%，主要集中于研究区的中部和北部，其中生态敏感性对生态脆弱性的影响最大，说明研究区整体生态脆弱性较强，应做好生态保护工作。     

油菜高亚麻酸育种探析

为促进通过提高油菜种子亚麻酸含量途径增加中国人群亚麻酸的摄入量,提高健康水平的工作进程。结合文献资料,在剖析开展油菜高亚麻酸育种的意义、可行性、难点及可利用的有利条件的基础上,提出油菜高亚麻酸育种策略与技术途径。在工作实践中,陕西省杂交油菜研究中心研究团队创建并完善"油菜高亚麻酸种质的筛选方法",利用该方法开展油菜高亚麻酸种质资源筛选和高亚麻酸育种取得良好成效:油菜种质资源的整体亚麻酸含量、具有较高亚麻酸含量种质的百分比率、亚麻酸含量最高值、亚麻酸含量15%的种质数量均明显增加;获得一批亚麻酸含量大于15%(最高含量达21%)的甘蓝型油菜非转基因种质,育成高亚麻酸的不育系和恢复系;甘蓝型油菜高亚麻酸杂交种‘秦杂油7号’通过国家品种登记;2个亚麻酸含量15%左右的杂交种正在申请品种登记。发现在A02、C02及A06染色体上存在多个与亚麻酸显著关联SNP位点。提出开展基础机理研究和分子设计育种创新体系建设,开展高亚麻酸种质资源创新、综合评价和利用研究,构建高亚麻酸育种体系,规化高效保优栽培技术路线,开展油菜籽加工技术、抗氧化研究,构建标准体系等6方面建议。     

‘珍珠蜜’网纹甜瓜优质栽培技术探讨

‘珍珠蜜’网纹甜瓜是当前我国的高档优质果品,以其果大肉厚、耐贮运及独特的风味,深受人们喜爱。近年来,在北京、上海等大中城市十分畅销,产值极高。开展合理栽培对提高‘珍珠蜜’网纹甜瓜的产量、改善品质、降低成本、提高市场竞争力、促进主产区的经济发展、增加农民收入等具有十分重要的意义。     

杀线虫苏云金芽胞杆菌NBIN-863高含量悬浮剂的研制

目前我国微生物农药原药生产技术已达到甚至超过发达国家水平,但制剂技术却存在较大差距,主要体现在剂型结构不合理、制剂质量差、农药助剂种类及品种少、剂型加工工艺总体水平还比较落后等方面。苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bt）等功能微生物产品的市场容量及应用效果与剂型是密切相关的。为了明确新型生物杀线剂NBIN-863的最佳施用剂型,特开展此试验。通过对防腐剂、分散剂、悬浮剂等不同助剂的选择,研制了一种高含量Bt悬浮剂（5.2×10⁹～7.9×10⁹CFU/mL）。配方优化试验表明,在Bt发酵液中加入0.4%防腐剂山梨酸钾、1.0%分散剂硅酸镁铝、4.0%悬浮剂木质素磺酸钙,用盐酸调节pH至4.5,54℃热储前芽胞数最高为7.9×10⁹ CFU/mL,对秀丽隐杆线虫活性最高,LC₅₀为2.83 mg/L,对黄瓜根结线虫田间防效达68.64%。综合各指标,尤其是对秀丽隐杆线虫的半致死浓度,杀线虫NBIN-863悬浮剂（7.9×10⁹ CFU/mL）效果最好,不仅流动性好,而且耐贮藏,是防治作物根结线虫病的理想药剂。     

阶段性极端高温对七星瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确极端高温天气对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata生长发育和繁殖的影响,通过模拟田间高温发生情况,设置6h极端高温(36℃和39℃)与不同持续时间(1d和3d)对七星瓢虫卵和成虫进行胁迫,以25℃恒温饲养处理为对照,观察统计其发育历期、存活率、繁殖力及子代孵化率。结果表明,在相同高温胁迫模式下,七星瓢虫成虫的耐热性要明显高于卵,如在39℃处理1d后,卵和成虫的存活率分别为52.09%和93.94%;处理温度越高,高温持续时间越长,七星瓢虫卵的存活率越低,36℃处理1、3d和39℃处理1、3d后卵的存活率依次为71.31%、62.87%、52.09%和24.98%。七星瓢虫卵经39℃处理3d后,其孵化1龄幼虫的发育历期为2.77d,显著长于对照组(2.11d),其余龄期幼虫的发育历期、整个幼虫期和蛹期与对照组均无显著差异,说明七星瓢虫发育前期经历极端高温可能会导致其发育后期生长加速,出现生长补偿现象。卵期受极端高温的影响要显著大于成虫期,卵和成虫在39℃处理1d后的单雌产卵量分别为42.67粒和139.79粒;所有高温处理组的子代卵孵化率均显著低于对照组(85.42%),介于0~64.13%之间。另外,各高温处理组的种群趋势指数在5.26~56.02之间,均低于对照组(78.76)。表明夏季极端高温天气频发可能导致七星瓢虫种群数量减少,不建议此时期在田间释放七星瓢虫卵进行害虫防控。     

Agreement of high definition oscillometry with direct arterial blood pressure measurement at different blood pressure ranges in horses under general anaesthesia

ObjectiveTo determine the agreement of high definition oscillometry (HDO) with direct arterial blood pressure measurements in normotensive, hypotensive and hypertensive horses during general anaesthesia.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsSeven healthy warmblood horses, aged 3–11 years, weighing 470–565 kg.MethodsMeasurements from a HDO device with the cuff placed around the base of the tail were compared with pressures measured invasively from the facial artery. High blood pressures were induced by intravenous (IV) administration of dobutamine (5 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) over ten minutes followed by norepinephrine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹ IV) and low pressures by increasing the inspired fraction of isoflurane and administration of nitroglycerine (0.05 mg kg⁻¹ IV). For analysis three pressure levels were determined: high (MAP>110 mmHg), normal (60 mmHgResultsA total of 245 paired measurements of systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) pressures were obtained. The HDO device underestimated blood pressure at hypertensive and normotensive levels and overestimated blood pressure at hypotensive levels. Best agreement was obtained for SAP and MAP within normotensive limits. At normotension, bias ± standard deviation for SAP, MAP and DAP were 0.1 ± 19.4 mmHg, 0.5 ± 14.0, 4.7 ± 15.6, respectively. At high pressure levels bias and SD were 26.1 ± 37.3 (SAP), 4.2 ± 19.4 (MAP), 1.5 ± 16.8 (DAP) and at low pressures -20.0 ± 20.9 (SAP), -11.4 ± 19.6 (MAP), -4.7 ± 20.1 (DAP), with HDO measurements at a MAP <50 mmHg often failing.Conclusion and clinical relevanceGood agreement with invasive arterial blood pressures was obtained with HDO at normotensive levels in horses. At high and low pressure ranges HDO was unreliable. Therefore, if haemodynamic instability is expected, invasive measurement remains preferable.     

Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

ObjectiveTo characterize the impact of mechanical positive pressure ventilation on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, blood gases, lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations in rattlesnakes during anesthesia and the subsequent recovery period.Study designProspective, randomized trial.AnimalsTwenty one fasted adult South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus).MethodsSnakes were anesthetized with propofol (15 mg kg⁻¹) intravenously, endotracheally intubated and assigned to one of four ventilation regimens: Spontaneous ventilation, or mechanical ventilation at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg⁻¹ at 1 breath every 90 seconds, 5 breaths minute⁻¹, or 15 breaths minute⁻¹. Arterial blood was collected from indwelling catheters at 30, 40, and 60 minutes and 2, 6, and 24 hours following induction of anesthesia and analyzed for pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂, and selected variables. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded at 30, 40, 60 minutes and 24 hours.ResultsSpontaneous ventilation and 1 breath every 90 seconds resulted in a mild hypercapnia (PaCO₂ 22.4 ± 4.3 mmHg [3.0 ± 0.6 kPa] and 24.5 ± 1.6 mmHg [3.3 ± 0.2 kPa], respectively), 5 breaths minute⁻¹ resulted in normocapnia (14.2 ± 2.7 mmHg [1.9 ± 0.4 kPa]), while 15 breaths minute⁻¹ caused marked hypocapnia (8.2 ± 2.5 mmHg [1.1 ± 0.3 kPa]). Following recovery, blood gases of the four groups were similar from 2 hours. Anesthesia, independent of ventilation was associated with significantly elevated glucose, lactate and potassium concentrations compared to values at 24 hours (p < 0.0001). MAP increased significantly with increasing ventilation frequency (p < 0.001). HR did not vary among regimens.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMechanical ventilation had a profound impact on blood gases and blood pressure. The results support the use of mechanical ventilation with a frequency of 1–2 breaths minute⁻¹ at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg⁻¹ during anesthesia in fasted snakes.     

不同牧压梯度下高寒草甸演替及植物物种多样性分异特征

通过对不同牧压梯度导致的4个相邻高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性的调查,探讨了放牧驱动下高寒草甸演替及植物物种多样性分异特征,以期为高寒草甸合理利用提供依据。结果表明:矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层开裂期的多样性指数D差异不显著,其他3个阶段间差异显著(P0.05);多样性指数H除禾草矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层开裂期,矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层加厚期差异不显著外,其他均差异显著(P0.05);均匀度指数除矮嵩草时期与小嵩草草毡表层加厚期差异不显著,其他3个时期差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);放牧明显改变了高寒草甸的主要建群种和优势种,伴随牧压强度增大,植物群落发生更替,莎草科重要值增大,禾本科重要值减小,草甸植物群落由禾草矮嵩草时期向矮嵩草时期、小嵩草草毡表层加厚期、小嵩草草毡表层开裂期演替。